[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb25px\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ module_class=\u00a0\u00bbcol-art-left\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_video src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Copie-de-04-Recycling.mp4″ image_src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/final3.jpg\u00a0\u00bb play_icon_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbCopie de 04 Recycling\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ module_class=\u00a0\u00bbcol-art-right\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||20px|false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbInter|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||2px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00a0\u00bb header_3_font=\u00a0\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00a0\u00bb header_4_font=\u00a0\u00bb|||on|||||\u00a0\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb14px\u00a0\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.2em\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||1px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n
Comme la Terre tourne de 360 \u00b0 en 24 heures, soit 15 \u00b0 par heure, la longitude est proportionnelle \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence entre l’heure locale \u00e0 l’emplacement du navire et l’heure sur le m\u00e9ridien de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/strong><\/p>\n Les horloges de John Harrison ont r\u00e9volutionn\u00e9 la navigation maritime en permettant une d\u00e9termination pr\u00e9cise de la longitude, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les risques et am\u00e9liorant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des voyages en mer.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text disabled_on=\u00a0\u00bbon|off|off\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n L’H4, en particulier, est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une perc\u00e9e technologique majeure et un chef-d’\u0153uvre de l’horlogerie de pr\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb30px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text disabled_on=\u00a0\u00bboff|on|on\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n L’H4, en particulier, est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une perc\u00e9e technologique majeure et un chef-d’\u0153uvre de l’horlogerie de pr\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbInter|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||2px|||\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n Conception :<\/strong> La premi\u00e8re horloge marine de Harrison, construite en bois, utilisait des contrepoids au lieu de ressorts pour compenser les mouvements du navire. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbInter|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||2px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||7px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n Am\u00e9liorations :<\/strong> La H2 \u00e9tait plus robuste et utilisait des balances bi-m\u00e9talliques pour compenser les variations de temp\u00e9rature. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbInter|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||2px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n Innovations :<\/strong> Harrison introduisit des balances en grille de bi-m\u00e9tal pour am\u00e9liorer la compensation de temp\u00e9rature et r\u00e9duisit la friction avec des roulements \u00e0 billes. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||1px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbInter|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||2px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||19px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n Concept :<\/strong> Contrairement \u00e0 ses pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs, la H4 ressemblait davantage \u00e0 une grande montre de poche, utilisant un balancier \u00e0 ressort spirale. [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.23.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbInter|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb-9px||2px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n L’\u0153uvre de Harrison a non seulement r\u00e9solu un probl\u00e8me s\u00e9culaire mais a aussi influenc\u00e9 le d\u00e9veloppement de la chronom\u00e9trie et de la microm\u00e9canique, posant les bases pour les futures avanc\u00e9es dans ces domaines.<\/p>\n Les horloges H1, H2, H3, et H4 sont aujourd’hui conserv\u00e9es et expos\u00e9es au National Maritime Museum \u00e0 Greenwich, en Angleterre, comme t\u00e9moignage de son g\u00e9nie et de son d\u00e9vouement.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" John HarrisonIntroductionCet horloger anglais autodidacte, est c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour avoir r\u00e9solu le probl\u00e8me de la d\u00e9termination de la longitude en mer.Comme la Terre tourne de 360 \u00b0 en 24 heures, soit 15 \u00b0 par heure, la longitude est proportionnelle \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence entre l’heure locale \u00e0 l’emplacement du navire et l’heure sur le m\u00e9ridien de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1429,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-28"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1423"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1434,"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1423\/revisions\/1434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schurchnews.e-lapse.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}H1 (1735)<\/h2>\n
Innovations :<\/strong> Elle comportait deux pendules mont\u00e9s horizontalement, oscillant en sens oppos\u00e9 pour annuler les effets du tangage et du roulis du navire.
R\u00e9sultats :<\/strong> Test\u00e9e en mer en 1736, la H1 d\u00e9montra une pr\u00e9cision suffisante pour convaincre le Conseil de la Longitude de financer davantage de travaux.<\/p>\nH2 (1741)<\/h2>\n
Probl\u00e8mes :<\/strong> Harrison d\u00e9couvrit que la H2 avait un d\u00e9faut fondamental : les oscillations lat\u00e9rales du navire pouvaient affecter sa pr\u00e9cision.
Conclusion :<\/strong> Harrison abandonna la H2 avant qu’elle ne soit test\u00e9e en mer.<\/p>\nH3 (1759)<\/h2>\n
Difficult\u00e9s :<\/strong> Malgr\u00e9 des innovations significatives, la H3 ne r\u00e9ussit pas \u00e0 atteindre la pr\u00e9cision requise pour gagner la r\u00e9compense.
Dur\u00e9e :<\/strong> Harrison passa pr\u00e8s de 19 ans \u00e0 perfectionner la H3.<\/p>\nH4 (1761)<\/h2>\n
Pr\u00e9cision :<\/strong> La H4 \u00e9tait beaucoup plus pr\u00e9cise gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son mouvement de haute fr\u00e9quence et \u00e0 ses m\u00e9canismes de compensation de temp\u00e9rature.
Tests en mer :<\/strong> En 1761, la H4 fut test\u00e9e sur un voyage vers la Jama\u00efque. Elle r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la longitude avec une pr\u00e9cision de moins de 1 minute d’arc, soit environ 1.85 km.
R\u00e9compense :<\/strong> Malgr\u00e9 des succ\u00e8s probants, Harrison dut attendre jusqu’en 1773 pour recevoir la majeure partie de la r\u00e9compense apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es de contestation et de nouveaux tests demand\u00e9s par le Conseil de la Longitude.<\/p>\nConclusion<\/h2>\n